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William Pargeter (1760-1810) was an eighteenth-century physician in England with an interest in mental illness. Like his contemporaries, Thomas Arnold (1742-1816), Thomas Sutton (1767-1835), and John Haslam (1764-1844), he wrote a book on the subject titled ''Observations on Maniacal Disorders'' (1792). Pargeter was born in Hertfordshire, the son and grandson of clergymen. He entered Oxford University in 1777, and received his Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) from New College in 1781. He was encouraged to study medicine by Martin Wall, the Lichfield Professor of Clinical Medicine at Oxford University. Pargeter entered St Bartholomew's Hospital in 1783. He received his Medicinae Doctor (M.D.) from Marischal College, Scotland. Pargeter remained in London for another year and then moved near Reading where he practiced medicine until 1795. The same year he took Holy Orders and entered the British Navy as a chaplain and served in Malta. He retired from the Navy on a pension in 1802 and retired to Oxfordshire. He died in 1810. Pargeter stated in the preface of his book that he followed the ideas of Dr. William Cullen (1710-1790), the distinguished professor at the Edinburgh Medical School in Scotland. He quoted Cullen’s nosology of mania and the relationship between mania and melancholia, and described the symptoms of each with Cullen’s terms of excitement and collapse of the brain. Pargeter wrote that the cause of madness is a mystery and “wonderful are the works of the Lord and His ways past finding out.”〔''Observations on Maniacal Disorders'', p. 25〕 He stated his own ideas based on cases he and others observed how various “passions” may be responsible as grief, despair, intense study, and application of the mind as well as poisons such as opium and mercury. He inveighed against private madhouses run by non-physicians and non-clergymen for profit. Pargeter believed that patients were abused in these houses. He also commented on the popular idea that the moon caused lunacy. He often quoted poetry by Milton, Cowper, and others to describe melancholia in his patients. Pargeter was convinced that the treatment of insanity must be based on management rather than on medicine. He quoted the importance of “catching the eye” of the insane person as means of obtaining the patient’s attention so that the physician could control the patient’s behavior. He described this method in four case reports. He also discussed the usual medical treatments of the time including bleeding, cupping, purging, hot and cold applications, as well as the use of medicines as camphor and hyoscyamine. ==References== 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William Pargeter (physician)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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